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  1. The research question matters
  2. The laboratory is the beginning, not the verdict
  3. What do published syntheses indicate?
  4. What does this mean for the reader?

The research question matters

A good study starts with an exact question: for whom, what product or concentration, compared to what comparator and for what outcome. Without these details, the expression "DDW was studied" can mean very different things.

The laboratory is the beginning, not the verdict

Studies on cells and animals are useful for mechanisms and hypotheses. The human body, however, has a more complex biology, and a difference observed in an experimental model may not appear or have clinical relevance in humans.

What do published syntheses indicate?

O systematic review from 2024 on DDW and oncology identified a limited number of eligible studies and requested more extensive randomized studies. A scoping review it also highlighted the heterogeneity of the literature.

What does this mean for the reader?

Check the population, comparator, results, and funding. And when a disease is in question, DDW should not be presented as an alternative to standard treatment or to the medical team's recommendation.

Disclaimer: This material is educational. It does not diagnose, treat, or replace the recommendations of a health professional.
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